Release times for demurrage and detention per shipping company and port – guidance for importers and freight forwarders
Free days determine when demurrage and detention charges actually apply. Those who understand the free days offered by major shipping lines and their variations from port to port can manage pickup and return times to avoid demurrage charges altogether. This overview illustrates the typical structure – and Rogert & Ulbrich can help if a claim is nevertheless imminent.
What Free Days are and why they determine stand fees
Free days are contractually granted days off during which the shipping company does not charge demurrage. Only after these days have expired do charges begin to accrue – usually with progressively increasing daily rates. Those who settle their accounts within the free period pay nothing; those who exceed it quickly face substantial claims.
For importers and freight forwarders, free days are therefore the most important lever for cost control. Knowing them means planning for delays and creating buffers. You can read about the overall relationship between demurrage and detention in our guide to demurrage and detention in container transport.
Are you planning an import via Antwerp, Rotterdam or Hamburg? Clarify the clearance times with your shipping company in advance to avoid demurrage charges.
Demurrage and Detention-Free Days – two separate clocks
A common and costly misconception is the assumption that there is only one time window. In reality, demurrage and detention often run on two different clocks with different release times.
- Demurrage Free Days: This refers to the full container, which is waiting to be picked up at the terminal upon arrival. The time counted is the time until pickup.
- Detention Free Days: This refers to the container that has left the terminal and must be returned empty. The time until the return is counted.
- Combined models: Some shipping companies combine both periods into a single "Free Time" period. In this case, a single deadline applies for pickup and return.
Focusing solely on one time limit can lead to overlooking another. Especially with combined policies, it's crucial to carefully review the terms and conditions. The specific time limit is determined by the individual tariff and contract.
Unsure which clock applies in your case? Have the relevant tariff regulations checked before deadlines expire.
Free Days compared: the six major shipping companies
Maersk, MSC, Hapag-Lloyd, CMA CGM, ONE, and Cosco offer varying release periods and charge tiered daily rates after these periods expire. The following overview shows the typical structure. The specific number of days depends on the trade area, port, container type, and contract, and is regularly adjusted by the shipping companies – therefore, the exact figures should always be checked against the current tariff.
| Shipping company | Demurrage Free Days (typical) | Detention Free Days (typical) | Notice |
| Maersk | approximately 3–7 days | approximately 3–7 days | partially separate models |
| MSC | approximately 3–7 days | approximately 3–7 days | regional differences |
| Hapag-Lloyd | approximately 4–7 days | approximately 4–7 days | port-dependent |
| CMA CGM | approximately 3–7 days | approximately 3–7 days | Combined models possible |
| ONE | approximately 4–7 days | approximately 4–7 days | trade-lane specific |
| Cosco | approximately 3–7 days | approximately 3–7 days | different during peak times |
Editorial note: The stated ranges are for guidance only. Before publication, the current port- and route-specific free days of the individual shipping companies must be researched from their official tariff information and entered.
It is striking that while shipping companies are similar in their basic structure, they differ significantly in the details – especially with combined shipping models and the handling of special containers. Even a difference of one or two days can amount to considerable sums when dealing with multiple containers. A direct comparison is therefore worthwhile before any scheduling.
Want to know if the billed days match your rate? Have your statement checked before you pay.
Why Free Days differ depending on port and cruising area
The same shipping company may offer different free days in Antwerp, Rotterdam, and Hamburg. This is due to local terminal conditions, capacity utilization, and prevailing market conditions. During periods of high capacity or bottlenecks, free days are often shortened to accelerate cargo handling.
Furthermore, the shipping area plays a role: Highly trafficked routes often have different tariffs than secondary routes. For importers with fixed port routing, this means they should calculate their free-from-duty time not as a flat rate, but rather based on the port and route. Those who regularly import via the same North Range ports benefit from a documented overview of the currently applicable rates.
Do you import through multiple ports? Have a port-specific overview of your free days created and contractually secured.
If the free days aren't enough: tiered daily rates and detention traps
After the grace period expires, the tiered system applies. Daily rates typically increase in increments, so the first few days of exceeding the limit are moderately expensive, but later ones are very costly. A delay of just a few days can therefore be disproportionately expensive.
The detention trap is particularly insidious when returning empty containers: If the container is not returned on time or to the wrong depot, the detention continues even though the goods have long since been unloaded. Often, the cause lies in circumstances beyond the recipient's control – such as depot acceptance freezes, traffic jams, or strikes. In such cases, it must be examined whether the claim is even justified and whether the underlying clause withstands scrutiny under the law governing standard terms and conditions. You can read more about this in our article on when shipping companies' demurrage clauses are invalid.
Are daily rates already being charged? Have it checked whether the staggered rates and the cause of the delay justify the claim.
How to use free days strategically and defend yourself against excessive demands
Free days are not a given, but rather a negotiable and strategic element. Actively managing them allows you to avoid or significantly reduce stall fees. The following steps will help:
- Check free days in advance: Inquire about the applicable demurrage and detention-free days for each port and container type before the shipment departs.
- Plan in a buffer: Please factor in foreseeable delays due to customs, terminal congestion, or holidays in your planning.
- Negotiate better terms: For regular volume, extended free days or more favorable tiered pricing can be agreed upon.
- Check the invoice: Compare the calculated days and rates with the agreed tariff and check the cause of any delay.
- Defending against unjustified demands: Have the clause, cause, and applicable law reviewed instead of paying prematurely.
In many cases, a significant reduction can be achieved out of court because the shipping company cannot fully substantiate its flat fee or the delay is attributable to a third party. If an agreement cannot be reached, legal action follows. The sooner the strategy is in place, the stronger your position will be.
Are there high demurrage charges being demanded? Have your objections reviewed while the claim is still outstanding.
Rogert & Ulbrich – Your lawyers in transport and forwarding law
Rogert & Ulbrich advises importers, freight forwarders, and logistics companies on all aspects of free days, demurrage, and detention in container shipping. Lawyers Dr. Marco Rogert and Tobias Ulbrich and their multilingual team have extensive practical experience with the tariff models of major shipping lines and the specific characteristics of the North Range ports.
We review invoices and clauses, secure better terms, and enforce your objections if excessive charges arise despite grace periods – both out of court and in court. Through our Dutch Desk, we also consider Dutch law for transport via Rotterdam and Antwerp.
Whether it's exceeded free days, a disputed detention claim, or contract negotiations: Get in touch and secure your position.
