{"id":99771,"date":"2026-06-15T10:16:01","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T08:16:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ru.law\/?p=99771"},"modified":"2026-06-15T10:16:03","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T08:16:03","slug":"abstrakte-konkrete-verweisung-bu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ru.law\/en\/abstrakte-konkrete-verweisung-bu\/","title":{"rendered":"Abstract and concrete reference \u2013 the most important clause in the review procedure"},"content":{"rendered":"

Why the insurer cannot refer to just any profession, when another activity is truly comparable, and how you can defend your most recently practiced profession.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Can my disability insurance really refer me to another job? Not just any job: Referral is only permissible if your contract allows it and the other job is truly comparable in terms of training, experience, income, and social standing. Rogert & Ulbrich review the referral clause and defend your most recently held occupation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What referral means in disability insurance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Referral means that the insurer acknowledges you can no longer perform your previous job, but considers you capable of performing another occupation. Based on this argument, they refuse or terminate your disability pension. Referral is therefore one of the insurer's most effective tools, precisely because the disability itself is often not disputed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are two forms of reference. In the case of abstract reference, the insurer is satisfied with a theoretically viable comparable occupation. In the case of concrete reference, they refer to an activity that you have actually taken up. Both forms are subject to strict requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From a client's perspective, the crucial question is: Can my disability insurance really require me to take on a different job? The answer is clear: not just any job. The insurer cannot arbitrarily assign you to another occupation simply because you might theoretically be capable of performing it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Two conditions must be met. First, your contract must actually permit a referral; what matters is not what the insurer claims, but what is stated in your insurance terms and conditions. Second, the alternative occupation must be genuinely comparable to your previous one in terms of education, experience, income, and social standing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is your insurer trying to refer you to another profession? First, check what kind of referral your contract actually allows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Which pre-existing conditions must actually be reported \u2013 and which do not.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the case of an abstract reference, the insurer considers you capable of performing another, comparable activity, without you actually having to perform it. A theoretical reference to another job profile that corresponds to your knowledge and skills is sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This form of reference is particularly disadvantageous for policyholders because it hinges on a mere possibility. Many current disability insurance policies therefore explicitly waive the abstract reference clause. Its practical significance today lies primarily in older contracts and in review procedures. Whether it is included in your contract can only be determined by examining the policy terms and conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From his previous work on the insurance side, lawyer Dario Kovac knows how insurers construct a suitable comparable occupation. Often, a profession is chosen that appears comparable on paper, but does not reflect the actual standard of living.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is the insurer invoking an abstract reference clause? Check whether your policy even contains this clause.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Specific reference: if you are actually taking up a new profession<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the case of a concrete reference, the insurer links the claim to an activity you have actually taken up, for example, after retraining or because you have returned to work due to financial hardship. This is also possible in policies that do not include the abstract reference clause.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But here, too, a clear limit applies: The new job must be commensurate with your previous standard of living. The decisive factor is not merely the job title, but the specific nature of the new job, i.e., tasks, requirements, working hours, and salary. You are permitted to take on a significantly lower-paid or socially lower-valued job without losing your entitlement. Accepting a less prestigious job due to financial hardship does not automatically mean giving up your disability pension.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The insurer bears the burden of proof to demonstrate that the new job is comparable. The mere fact that you are working again is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Are you working again despite being unable to work? Have your new job assessed to ensure it's appropriate for your social standing before your insurer cuts off your pension.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When another activity is truly comparable<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Whether abstract or concrete: A referral is only permissible if the comparable occupation corresponds to your previous standard of living. The insurer may therefore not refer you to just any job, but only to one that is truly comparable according to several criteria:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Education and qualifications<\/strong>The comparable occupation must not require skills you do not possess and must not be significantly below your level of education.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Professional experience<\/strong>What matters is your existing knowledge and actual professional experience, not a profession you are yet to learn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • income<\/strong>The comparable job must provide an income that is noticeably not lower than your current one. You do not have to accept a significant loss of income.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Social position<\/strong>The prestige and appreciation of the work also play a role. A transfer from a qualified position to a significantly lower-valued one regularly fails.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    In addition, the specific nature of the new job is crucial. It's not enough for a job to simply look like a good fit on paper; what matters is what it actually entails \u2013 the tasks, responsibilities, and working hours. The benchmark is always your specific previous job, not an abstract job description. Insurers often exploit this by presenting a simplified version of your most recent job to make the comparison seem more appropriate. Therefore, a precise description of your previous daily work routine is the most important element of your defense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Is the offered comparable job lower-paid or less qualified? You don't have to accept such a referral \u2013 have it reviewed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Reference in the review procedure<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Referral to other occupations is particularly common in review proceedings. Once the insurer has acknowledged and paid out occupational disability benefits, it later checks whether the conditions for continued coverage still exist. Strict rules apply if the insurer intends to discontinue benefits (\u00a7 174 VVG).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The insurer may only discontinue payments if your health has demonstrably improved or you have taken up a new, comparable occupation. The burden of proof for this change rests solely with the insurer. Furthermore, a discontinuation of benefits only becomes effective upon formal, verifiable notification and with a specified deadline. A mere assertion that you are able to work again is insufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    For self-employed individuals, another point of contention arises: The insurer often argues that the business can be reasonably reorganized, thus negating any occupational disability. However, such a reorganization must be economically viable and actually feasible, not merely theoretically conceivable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Is your insurer planning to stop your current pension payments? Demand a specific explanation \u2013 the burden of proof for any change lies with them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    How to defend your most recent occupation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    In disputes over referrals, the job description is decisive. These steps will help you secure your position:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Document the activity precisely<\/strong>Describe your previous daily work routine in detail, including tasks, responsibilities, physical and mental demands, and time commitments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Check conditions<\/strong>Determine whether your policy allows or waives the abstract reference.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Question the comparable occupation<\/strong>Check whether the offered job truly corresponds to your social standing in terms of income and appreciation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Demanding proof<\/strong>In the review process, the insurer must prove a change. Demand a specific, comprehensible explanation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Don't confirm anything too hastily.<\/strong>Do not make any statement regarding a new activity until its impact on your entitlement has been clarified.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Do not confirm any referral before you know whether it is even permissible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      This article is part of our overview of the five most common reasons for rejection in disability insurance. We will discuss in more detail how insurers handle the duty of disclosure and the claims process in separate articles. You can find an overview of our work on our insurance law page.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      The sooner the referral clause is reviewed, the better your case can be defended. Have your case assessed while the deadlines are still open.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Rogert & Ulbrich \u2013 Your lawyers in insurance law<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Rogert & Ulbrich represent policyholders nationwide in disputes concerning referrals in disability insurance. Attorney Dario Kovac, who is familiar with insurers' review and referral strategies from his previous work on the insurers' side, serves as the contact person for insurance law. We combine this insider knowledge with the firm's consumer protection experience from major cases in banking, capital markets, and automotive law. This allows us to engage with insurers on equal footing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      We review your insurance policy terms and the referral clause, assess the offered alternative occupation in light of your current circumstances, and verify through a review process whether the insurer has actually demonstrated the necessary change in your circumstances. We pursue your claims against the insurer out of court. If they maintain their referral, we will represent you in court. We involve any existing legal expenses insurance early on and obtain coverage approval for you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Is your disability insurance company trying to force you to take up a different profession or stop your current pension payments? Get in touch and protect your rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      FAQs \u2013 Frequently asked questions about referral in disability insurance<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n
      \t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tWhat does abstract reference mean in disability insurance?<\/span><\/div>

      In the case of abstract reference, the insurer considers you capable of performing another, comparable job, even if you are not actually doing so. A theoretical reference to a different occupational profile is sufficient for them. This form of insurance is particularly disadvantageous for policyholders. Many modern policies therefore explicitly waive the abstract reference clause.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

      \t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tWhat is the difference between abstract and concrete reference?<\/span><\/div>

      An abstract reference is linked to a theoretically viable occupation, while a concrete reference is linked to an occupation you have actually taken up. Abstract references are excluded in many current insurance policies, while concrete references usually remain possible. In both cases, the comparable occupation must correspond to your previous standard of living.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

      \t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tIs my insurer even allowed to refer me to another company?<\/span><\/div>

      Not just any job. First, it depends on the wording of your insurance policy: only if your policy includes a clause allowing for alternative employment can the insurer invoke it. Furthermore, the alternative job must be truly comparable to your previous one in terms of education, experience, income, and social standing. Therefore, reviewing the policy terms and comparing the job descriptions are the first steps in any assessment.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

      \t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tWhat does "preserving one's livelihood" mean?<\/span><\/div>

      Maintaining one's standard of living means that the comparable job must correspond to your previous position in terms of education, experience, income, and social standing. A significantly lower-paid or less qualified job will not maintain your standard of living; such a referral is inadmissible. The specific nature of the new job also plays a role. The benchmark is always your specific previous job.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

      \t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tDo I have to accept a lower-paying job?<\/span><\/div>

      No. You do not have to accept a job that results in a significant loss of income. If you take on a lower-paying job due to financial hardship, you will not automatically lose your disability pension. The decisive factor is whether the new job is commensurate with your previous standard of living.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

      \t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tWhat is the review procedure?<\/span><\/div>

      In the review process, the insurer, after acknowledging the claim, checks whether the occupational disability still exists. According to Section 174 of the German Insurance Contract Act (VVG), the insurer may only discontinue benefits if your health has improved or you have taken up comparable employment. The burden of proof lies with the insurer. A discontinuation of benefits only becomes effective after formal notification and within a specified timeframe.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

      \t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tWho bears the burden of proof in the review procedure?<\/span><\/div>

      The burden of proof for a change in circumstances lies with the insurer. They must demonstrate that your health has improved or that you are performing a comparable job. A mere assertion that you could work again is insufficient. If they fail to provide this proof, the pension remains in effect.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

      \t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tCan I, as a self-employed person, be referred to a reorganization?<\/span><\/div>

      The insurer can attempt this. In the case of self-employed individuals, they will examine whether the business can be reorganized in such a way that you can continue working despite your limitations. However, such a reorganization must be economically viable and practically feasible. A purely theoretical restructuring is not sufficient.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

      \t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tHow do I defend my most recent job?<\/span><\/div>

      The most important step is a detailed description of your previous daily work routine. Document your tasks, responsibilities, physical and mental demands, and the time spent on them. The more precisely your work is documented, the more difficult it will be for the insurer to construct a suitable comparable occupation. A legal review of the reference clause will complement this defense.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

      \t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tWhen should I consult a lawyer?<\/span><\/div>

      The best course of action is to contact your insurer immediately if they announce a referral to another profession or intend to discontinue benefits during a review process. The sooner the clause and the comparable profession are examined, the better you can defend your professional rights. Existing legal expenses insurance often covers the costs \u2013 we will check your coverage and obtain confirmation of coverage if necessary. Get in touch and secure your rights.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

      <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Warum der Versicherer nicht auf irgendeinen Beruf verweisen darf, wann eine andere T\u00e4tigkeit wirklich vergleichbar ist und wie Sie Ihren zuletzt ausge\u00fcbten Beruf verteidigen Darf […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":99772,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1478],"tags":[1501,1479,1502,1482],"class_list":["post-99771","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-versicherungsrecht","tag-abstrakte-verweisung","tag-bu-versicherung","tag-konkrete-verweisung","tag-versicherungsrecht"],"yoast_head":"\nAbstrakte & konkrete Verweisung in der BU erkl\u00e4rt - R&U<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Darf die BU-Versicherung Sie auf einen anderen Beruf verweisen? 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He advises and represents clients in general civil law, with a focus on traffic and administrative offense law and insurance law \u2013 particularly in enforcing claims against legal expenses insurers. 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